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NASA comet mission makes a deep impact

(01/11/07 10:00am)

A recent NASA project has changed the way astronomers think about comets. Before an audience of about 60 people, composed mostly of academics, at the David Rittenhouse Laboratory yesterday afternoon, University of Arizona professor Jay Melosh discussed his role in NASA's Deep Impact mission to Comet Tempel 1 and its results. It turns out, Melosh said, that comet surfaces are much more dust than ice - astronomers had formerly thought that comets were primarily composed of ice that contained particles of dust. "What we're really looking at is an icy mud ball," Melosh said. "The comet is probably pretty homogeneous. It looks like it's a powder puff." During the mission, NASA sent a spacecraft to crash into the Tempel 1, making a crater 100 meters wide. According to NASA's Deep Impact website, the impactor spacecraft hit the comet at a veolocity of over 10 kilometers per second. Melosh was responsible for analyzing the "poof" of dust created by the explosion of the impact. "We wanted to learn what the inside of comets look like," Melosh said, explaining that he analyzed everything from the composition to the mechanical structure of the debris. He said that NASA excavated deep into the comet and vaporized ices, adding that analysis is ongoing. What NASA has found so far from the 4,000 images of the explosion is that comets' recognizable jet trails do not come out of the core of the comets, as scientists expected. Instead, they found that the sun only penetrates a meter into comets, meaning that the trails "must be coming just off the surface." From the plume that Melosh studied, the team "could estimate the gravitational acceleration of the comet," he said. These findings are "tremendously exciting," said Steve Phipps, a Penn associate professor in earth and geological science who attended the event. "I was interested to learn about the makeup of comets," said Simon Ticker, a research assistant at Penn. Melosh said that over 10,000 people were involved in one way or another in the Deep Impact mission. Deep Impact is the first discovery space mission to probe beneath the surface of a comet and reveal the secrets of its interior.